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Milu yayikulu yazitsulo zamapepala opangidwa ndi opanga mwamakonda

Milu yayikulu yazitsulo zamapepala osinthidwa ndi opanga omwe amakonda
  • Milu yayikulu yazitsulo zamapepala opangidwa ndi opanga mwamakonda
  • Milu yayikulu yazitsulo zamapepala opangidwa ndi opanga mwamakonda
  • Milu yayikulu yazitsulo zamapepala opangidwa ndi opanga mwamakonda
  • Milu yayikulu yazitsulo zamapepala opangidwa ndi opanga mwamakonda
  • Milu yayikulu yazitsulo zamapepala opangidwa ndi opanga mwamakonda
  • Milu yayikulu yazitsulo zamapepala opangidwa ndi opanga mwamakonda
  • Milu yayikulu yazitsulo zamapepala opangidwa ndi opanga mwamakonda
  • Milu yayikulu yazitsulo zamapepala opangidwa ndi opanga mwamakonda

Dzina lachingerezi la mulu wazitsulo zachitsulo ndi: Mulu wa Mapepala a Zitsulo kapena Kuyika Mapepala achitsulo.

Mulu wachitsulo wachitsulo ndi chitsulo chokhala ndi cholumikizira pamphepete, ndipo kugwirizanako kungaphatikizidwe momasuka kuti apange khoma lokhazikika ndi lolimba kapena khoma losungira madzi.


Tsatanetsatane wa Zamalonda

Zogulitsa Tags

Kapangidwe ka Mbiri

Mulu wazitsulo zachitsulo cofferdam ndiye womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Chitsulo chachitsulo mulu ndi mtundu wa chigawo chitsulo ndi lotchinga pakamwa.Gawo lake limaphatikizapo mbale yowongoka, kagawo ndi mawonekedwe a Z, ndipo ili ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe olumikizana.Zodziwika bwino ndi kalembedwe ka Larsen, kalembedwe ka Lavanna, ndi zina.

Ubwino wake ndi: mphamvu yayikulu, yosavuta kuyendetsa mu nthaka yolimba;Ntchito yomanga imatha kuchitidwa m'madzi akuya, ndipo chithandizo chokhazikika chikhoza kuwonjezeredwa kuti mupange khola ngati kuli kofunikira.Kuchita bwino kwa madzi;Itha kupanga ma cofferdam amitundu yosiyanasiyana momwe amafunikira ndipo itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito nthawi zambiri.Choncho, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Cofferdam pamwamba pa caisson yotseguka imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga mlatho, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Cofferdam ya maziko a chitoliro, maziko a mulu ndi maziko odulidwa otseguka, ndi zina.

Ma cofferdam awa nthawi zambiri amakhala amtundu umodzi wotsekedwa ndi khoma.Pali zothandizira zoyima komanso zopingasa m'mabokosi.Ngati ndi kotheka, zothandizira oblique zimawonjezeredwa kuti apange cofferdam.Mwachitsanzo, maziko a chitoliro cha Mlatho wa Mtsinje wa Yangtze ku Nanjing, China, ankagwiritsa ntchito mulu wachitsulo wozungulira cofferdam wokhala ndi mamita 21.9 ndi mulu wazitsulo wamtali wa mamita 36.Pali makulidwe osiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe olumikizana.Pambuyo pa konkire ya pansi pamadzi ikafika pakufunika mphamvu, chipewa cha mulu ndi bowo chidzamangidwa ndi kupopera madzi, ndipo kuya kwake kwamadzi opopera kudzafika mamita 20.

Pomanga ma hydraulic, malo omanga nthawi zambiri amakhala akulu, ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga cofferdam.Zimapangidwa ndi matupi ambiri olumikizana amodzi, omwe amapangidwa ndi milu yambiri yazitsulo, ndipo pakati pa thupi limodzi amadzazidwa ndi dothi.Kutalika kwa cofferdam ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, ndipo khoma la cofferdam silingathe kuthandizidwa ndi chithandizo.Chifukwa chake, thupi lililonse limatha kukana kugubuduzika, kutsetsereka ndikuletsa kusweka kwapakatikati.Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimakhala zozungulira komanso zogawa.

1.Mulu wazitsulo zachitsulo
2.Mapangidwe olumikizana mbali zonse
3.Pangani makoma mu nthaka ndi madzi

Zofunika Parameters

Chozizira chopangidwa ndi chitsulo mbale
Mulu wachitsulo wachitsulo mosalekeza umapanga mzere wachitsulo kuti upange mbale yomangira maziko ndi gawo la mawonekedwe a Z, mawonekedwe a U kapena mawonekedwe ena omwe amatha kulumikizana wina ndi mnzake kudzera pa loko.

Chozizira chopangidwa ndi chitsulo mbale

Mulu wazitsulo wachitsulo wopangidwa ndi njira yopindika ozizira ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zachitsulo chopindika chozizira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu engineering ya boma.Mulu wazitsulo wachitsulo umayendetsedwa (kuponderezedwa) ku maziko ndi dalaivala wa mulu kuti agwirizane nawo kuti apange khoma lachitsulo lachitsulo kuti asunge nthaka ndi madzi.Mitundu yodziwika bwino yagawo imaphatikizapo mbale yooneka ngati U, yooneka ngati Z ndi mbale yowongoka.Mulu wachitsulo ndi woyenera maziko ofewa komanso thandizo la dzenje lakuya lomwe lili ndi madzi apansi panthaka.Ndi yosavuta kumanga.Ubwino wake ndi ntchito yabwino yoyimitsa madzi ndipo itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito.Kutumiza kwa mulu wazitsulo zachitsulo Kutalika kwa mulu wa zitsulo zopangidwa ndi chitsulo chozizira ndi 6m, 9m, 12m, 15m, ndipo zimatha kukonzedwanso malinga ndi zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito akufuna.Kutalika kwakukulu ndi 24m.(Ngati wogwiritsa ntchito ali ndi zofunikira zautali wapadera, akhoza kuikidwa patsogolo pamene akuyitanitsa) Milu yazitsulo zozizira zozizira zimatha kuperekedwa molingana ndi kulemera kwenikweni kapena kulemera kwa chiphunzitso.Kugwiritsa ntchito mulu wachitsulo Chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chozizira chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe omangika osavuta, kupita patsogolo mwachangu, osafunikira zida zazikulu zomangira, ndipo ndiwothandiza pakupanga zivomezi pakugwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga.Ikhozanso kusintha mawonekedwe a gawo ndi kutalika kwa mulu wozizira wachitsulo wopangidwa ndi zitsulo molingana ndi momwe polojekitiyi ikuyendera, kuti apange mapangidwe opangira ndalama komanso omveka bwino.Kuphatikiza apo, kudzera pakukhathamiritsa kwa gawo la mulu wazitsulo zopangidwa ndi chitsulo chozizira, kuchuluka kwa zinthuzo kwasinthidwa kwambiri, kulemera kwa mita imodzi ya m'lifupi wa khoma la mulu kwachepetsedwa, ndipo mtengo waumisiri wachepetsedwa. .[1]

Technical parameter
Malinga ndi njira yopangira, zinthu zachitsulo zachitsulo zimagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: mulu wozizira wokhala ndi mipanda yachitsulo ndi mulu wazitsulo zotentha.Pomanga uinjiniya, mitundu yogwiritsira ntchito milu yachitsulo yokhala ndi zitsulo zozizira imakhala yopapatiza, ndipo ambiri aiwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera pazinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito.Milu yazitsulo zotentha zotentha nthawi zonse zakhala zotsogola pantchito zauinjiniya.Kutengera zabwino zambiri za milu yazitsulo zamapepala pomanga, State Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and National Standardization Administration idapereka mulingo wapadziko lonse "Hot adagubuduza milu yazitsulo zooneka ngati U" pa Meyi 14, 2007, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo. idakhazikitsidwa pa Disembala 1, 2007. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, Masteel Co., Ltd. idapanga milu yopitilira 5000 yamapepala achitsulo okhala ndi mawonekedwe a U ndi m'lifupi mwake 400 mm chifukwa cha zida zaukadaulo zapadziko lonse lapansi. Mzere wopanga mphero wotumizidwa kuchokera kunja, ndikuwagwiritsa ntchito bwino ku cofferdam ya Nenjiang Bridge, doko la matani 300000 la Jingjiang New Century Shipyard ndi ntchito yowongolera kusefukira kwamadzi ku Bangladesh.Komabe, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kupanga, kupindula kwachuma, kuchepa kwapakhomo komanso kusakwanira kwaukadaulo panthawi yoyeserera, kupanga sikungapitirire.Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pakali pano, kumwa pachaka zitsulo milu zitsulo ku China akhala padziko 30000 matani, mlandu 1% yokha ya okwana padziko lonse, ndi okha ntchito zina okhazikika monga doko, wharf ndi yomanga zombo ndi ntchito zosakhalitsa monga monga mlatho cofferdam ndi maziko dzenje thandizo.

Chitsulo chachitsulo chozizira chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chomwe chimapangidwa ndi kugudubuza kosalekeza kwa chipinda chozizira chozizira, ndipo chotchinga cham'mbali chikhoza kupindika mosalekeza kuti apange khoma la mulu wa pepala.Mulu wachitsulo wozizira wozizira umapangidwa ndi mbale zowonda (nthawi zambiri 8 mm ~ 14 mm wandiweyani) ndipo zimakonzedwa ndi mawonekedwe ozizira.Mitengo yake yopangira ndi yotsika mtengo ndipo mtengo wake ndi wotsika mtengo, ndipo kuwongolera sizing'ono kumakhala kosavuta.Komabe, chifukwa cha njira yosavuta yopangira, makulidwe a gawo lililonse la thupi la mulu ndi ofanana, ndipo kukula kwa gawo sikungatheke, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonjezeka kwa zitsulo;Mawonekedwe a gawo lotsekera ndizovuta kuwongolera, ndipo kulumikizana sikumangiriridwa mwamphamvu ndipo sikungathe kuyimitsa madzi;Limited ndi mphamvu ya ozizira kupinda zida processing, kokha mankhwala ndi otsika mphamvu kalasi ndi makulidwe woonda akhoza kupangidwa;Kuphatikiza apo, kupsinjika komwe kumapangidwa popindika kuzizira kumakhala kokulirapo, ndipo thupi la mulu ndilosavuta kung'ambika, lomwe lili ndi malire akulu pakugwiritsira ntchito.Pakumanga uinjiniya, kugwiritsa ntchito milu yazitsulo zoziziritsa kuzizira kumakhala kocheperako, ndipo ambiri aiwo amangogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera pazinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito.Mawonekedwe a mulu wazitsulo zozizira: molingana ndi momwe polojekitiyi ikuyendera, gawo lachuma komanso lololera lingasankhidwe kuti likwaniritse kukhathamiritsa kwa polojekitiyo, kupulumutsa 10-15% yazinthuzo poyerekeza ndi zotenthedwa. zitsulo pepala mulu ndi ntchito yomweyo, kuchepetsa kwambiri mtengo yomanga.

Lembani mawu oyamba
Kuyambitsa koyambira kwa mulu wachitsulo wooneka ngati U
1.Gawo kapangidwe kamangidwe ka WR mndandanda zitsulo milu zitsulo ndi wololera, ndi kupanga luso ndi patsogolo, zomwe zimapangitsa chiŵerengero cha gawo modulus ndi kulemera kwa zitsulo pepala mulu katundu mosalekeza kuwonjezeka, kotero kuti akhoza kupeza zabwino zachuma ntchito ndi kukulitsa ntchito munda ozizira-kupangidwa zitsulo milu pepala.

2.Mulu wachitsulo wa WRU uli ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso mitundu.

3.Zopangidwa ndikupangidwa molingana ndi muyezo waku Europe, mawonekedwe ofananirako amathandizira kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mobwerezabwereza, omwe amafanana ndi kugudubuza kotentha pogwiritsira ntchito mobwerezabwereza, ndipo ali ndi ma angle amplitude, omwe ndi osavuta kukonza zolakwika zomanga.

4.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwazitsulo zamphamvu kwambiri ndi zipangizo zamakono zopangira zinthu zimatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwa milu yazitsulo zozizira.

5.Utali ukhoza kusinthidwa malinga ndi zomwe kasitomala akufuna, zomwe zimabweretsa mosavuta kumanga ndikuchepetsa mtengo.

6.Chifukwa cha kuphweka kwa kupanga, akhoza kuyitanitsa asanaperekedwe akagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi milu yophatikizika.

7.Mapangidwe apangidwe ndi kupanga mkombero ndi waufupi, ndipo magwiridwe antchito a milu yazitsulo amatha kutsimikiziridwa malinga ndi zomwe makasitomala amafuna.

Nthano ndi ubwino wa U-woboola pakati mndandanda ozizira kupanga zitsulo mulu
1.Milu yachitsulo yokhala ndi mawonekedwe a U imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
2.Amapangidwa ndikupangidwa molingana ndi miyezo ya ku Europe, yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofananirako, omwe ndi abwino kugwiritsiridwa ntchitonso, ndipo ndi ofanana ndi kugudubuzika kotentha pogwiritsidwanso ntchito.

Wooneka ngati U

3.Utali ukhoza kusinthidwa malinga ndi zomwe kasitomala akufuna, zomwe zimabweretsa mosavuta kumanga ndikuchepetsa mtengo.
4.Chifukwa cha kuphweka kwa kupanga, akhoza kuyitanitsa asanaperekedwe akagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi milu yophatikizika.
5.Mapangidwe apangidwe ndi kupanga mkombero ndi waufupi, ndipo magwiridwe antchito a milu yazitsulo amatha kutsimikiziridwa malinga ndi zomwe makasitomala amafuna.

Zodziwika bwino za mulu wachitsulo chooneka ngati U

Mtundu M'lifupi Kutalika Makulidwe Gawo lachigawo Kulemera pa mulu Kulemera kwa khoma Nthawi ya Inertia Modulus ya gawo
  mm mm mm Cm2/m Kg/m Kg/m2 Cm4/m Cm3/m
WRU7 750 320 5 71.3 42.0 56.0 10725 670
WRU8 750 320 6 86.7 51.0 68.1 13169 823
WRU9 750 320 7 101.4 59.7 79.6 15251 953
WRU10-450 450 360 8 148.6 52.5 116.7 18268 1015
WRU11-450 450 360 9 165.9 58.6 130.2 20375 1132
WRU12-450 450 360 10 182.9 64.7 143.8 22444 1247
WRU11-575 575 360 8 133.8 60.4 105.1 19685 1094
WRU12-575 575 360 9 149.5 67.5 117.4 21973 1221
WRU13-575 575 360 10 165.0 74.5 129.5 24224 1346
WRU11-600 600 360 8 131.4 61.9 103.2 19897 1105
WRU12-600 600 360 9 147.3 69.5 115.8 22213 1234
WRU13-600 600 360 10 162.4 76.5 127.5 24491 1361
WRU18-600 600 350 12 220.3 103.8 172.9 32797 1874
WRU20-600 600 350 13 238.5 112.3 187.2 35224 2013
WRU16 650 480 8. 138.5 71.3 109.6 39864 1661
Mtengo wa WRU18 650 480 9 156.1 79.5 122.3 44521 1855
WRU20 650 540 8 153.7 78.1 120.2 56002 2074
WRU23 650 540 9 169.4 87.3 133.0 61084 2318
WRU26 650 540 10 187.4 96.2 146.9 69093 2559
WRU30-700 700 558 11 217.1 119.3 170.5 83139 2980
WRU32-700 700 560 12 236.2 129.8 185.4 90880 3246
WRU35-700 700 562 13 255.1 140.2 200.3 98652 3511
WRU36-700 700 558 14 284.3 156.2 223.2 102145 3661
WRU39-700 700 560 15 303.8 166.9 238.5 109655 3916
WRU41-700 700 562 16 323.1 177.6 253.7 117194 4170
Mtengo wa 32 750 598 11 215.9 127.1 169.5 97362 3265
Mtengo wa 35 750 600 12 234.9 138.3 184.4 106416 3547
WRU36-700 700 558 14 284.3 156.2 223.2 102145 3661
WRU39-700 700 560 15 303.8 166.9 238.5 109655 3916
WRU41-700 700 562 16 323.1 177.6 253.7 117194 4170
Mtengo wa 32 750 598 11 215.9 127.1 169.5 97362 3265
Mtengo wa 35 750 600 12 234.9 138.3 184.4 106416 3547
Mtengo wa 38 750 602 13 253.7 149.4 199.2 115505 3837
Mtengo wa WRU40 750 598 14 282.2 166.1 221.5 119918 4011
Mtengo wa 43 750 600 15 301.5 177.5 236.7 128724 4291
Mtengo wa 45 750 602 16 320.8 188.9 251.8 137561 4570

Mulu wachitsulo wooneka ngati Z
Zotsegulira zotsekera zimagawidwa mosiyanasiyana kumbali zonse ziwiri za axis osalowerera ndale, ndipo ukonde umakhala wopitilira, womwe umathandizira kwambiri gawo la modulus ndi kuuma kopindika, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zida zamakina za gawolo zitha kupangidwa bwino.Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera agawo komanso loko yodalirika ya Larssen.

Ubwino ndi zithunzi za mulu wachitsulo wooneka ngati Z
1.Mapangidwe osinthika okhala ndi gawo lapamwamba la modulus ndi chiŵerengero cha misa.
2.Mphindi wa inertia wokwera kumawonjezera kukhazikika kwa khoma la mulu wa pepala ndikuchepetsa kusamuka komanso kupindika.
3.Kutalikirana kwakukulu, kupulumutsa bwino nthawi yokweza ndi kuchulukira.
4.Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa gawo laling'ono, chiwerengero cha shrinkages cha khoma la mulu wa mapepala chimachepetsedwa, ndipo ntchito yake yosindikiza madzi imasintha mwachindunji.
5.Zigawo zowonongeka kwambiri zakhala zikukhuthala, ndipo kukana kwa dzimbiri ndikwabwino kwambiri.

Mulu wachitsulo wooneka ngati Z

Zodziwika bwino za mulu wachitsulo wooneka ngati Z

Mtundu M'lifupi Kutalika Makulidwe Gawo lachigawo Kulemera pa mulu Kulemera kwa khoma Nthawi ya Inertia Modulus ya gawo
  mm mm mm Cm2/m Kg/m Kg/m2 Cm4/m Cm3/m
WRZ16-635 635 379 7 123.4 61.5 96.9 30502 1610
WRZ18-635 635 380 8 140.6 70.1 110.3 34717 1827
WRZ28-635 635 419 11 209.0 104.2 164.1 28785 2805
WRZ30-635 635 420 12 227.3 113.3 178.4 63889 3042
WRZ32-635 635 421 13 245.4 122.3 192.7 68954 3276
WRZ12-650 650 319 7 113.2 57.8 88.9 19603 1229
WRZ14-650 650 320 8 128.9 65.8 101.2 22312 1395
WRZ34-675 675 490 12 224.4 118.9 176.1 84657 3455
WRZ37-675 675 491 13 242.3 128.4 190.2 91327 3720
WRZ38-675 675 491.5 13.5 251.3 133.1 197.2 94699 3853
WRZ18-685 685 401 9 144 77.4 113 37335 1862
WRZ20-685 685 402 10 159.4 85.7 125.2 41304 2055

L/S zitsulo pepala mulu
Mtundu wa L umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pothandizira kutchingira, khoma la damu, kukumba ngalande ndi kuthira ngalande.
Gawoli ndi lopepuka, malo omwe amakhala ndi khoma la mulu ndi laling'ono, loko kuli mbali imodzi, ndipo kumangako kuli kosavuta.Imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakufukula kwa zomangamanga za municipalities.

LS zitsulo pepala mulu
Zodziwika bwino za mulu wachitsulo wooneka ngati L
Mtundu M'lifupi Kutalika Makulidwe Kulemera pa mulu Kulemera kwa khoma Nthawi ya Inertia Modulus ya gawo
  mm mm mm Kg/m Kg/m2 Cm4/m Cm3/m
WRL1.5 700 100 3.0 21.4 30.6 724 145
WRL2 700 150 3.0 22.9 32.7 1674 223
WRI3 700 150 4.5 35.0 50.0 2469 329
WRL4 700 180 5.0 40.4 57.7 3979 442
WRL5 700 180 6.5 52.7 75.3 5094 566
WRL6 700 180 7.0 57.1 81.6 5458 606

Zodziwika bwino za mulu wachitsulo wooneka ngati s
Mtundu M'lifupi Kutalika Makulidwe Kulemera pa mulu Kulemera kwa khoma Nthawi ya Inertia Modulus ya gawo
  mm mm mm Kg/m Kg/m2 Cm4/m Cm3/m
WRS4 600 260 3.5 31.2 41.7 5528 425
WRS5 600 260 4.0 36.6 48.8 6703 516
WRS6 700 260 5.0 45.3 57.7 7899 608
WRS8 700 320 5.5 53.0 70.7 12987 812
WRS9 700 320 6.5 62.6 83.4 15225 952

Mtundu wina wa mulu wowongoka wamtundu wazitsulo ndi woyenera kukumba maenje ena, makamaka pamene danga pakati pa nyumba ziwiri ndi laling'ono ndipo kukumba ndikofunikira, chifukwa kutalika kwake kumakhala kochepa komanso pafupi ndi mzere wowongoka.

Ubwino ndi zithunzi za milu yazitsulo zamapepala
Choyamba, akhoza kupanga khola zitsulo pepala mulu khoma kuonetsetsa yosalala pansi pofukula popanda kukhudzidwa ndi kupondaponda mbali zonse ndi pansi.

Chachiwiri, zimathandizanso kukhazikika kwa maziko, motero kuonetsetsa kuti nyumbazo zili m’mbali zonse ziwiri.

liniya zitsulo pepala milu

Zodziwika bwino za mulu wamapepala achitsulo
Mtundu M'lifupi mm Kutalika mm Makulidwe mm Gawo lagawo cm2/m Kulemera Mphindi wa Inertia cm4/m Gawo la gawo cm3/m
Kulemera kwa kilogalamu imodzi/m Kulemera kwa wallkg/m2
WRX 600-10 600 60 10.0 144.8 68.2 113.6 396 132
WRX600-11 600 61 11.0 158.5 74.7 124.4 435 143
WRX600-12 600 62 12.0 172.1 81.1 135.1 474 153
Standard kwa mankhwala zikuchokera ndi mawotchi katundu ozizira-amapanga zitsulo pepala mulu zipangizo
GB/T700-1988 GB/T1591-1994 GB/T4171-2000
Mtundu Chemical zikuchokera Katundu wamakina
C Si Mn P S yield strengthMpa tensile strengthMpa Elongation Mphamvu yamphamvu
Q345B s0.20 ≤0.50 ≤1.5 ≤0.025 ≤0.020 2345 470-630 ≥21 234
Q235B 0.12-0.2 s0.30 0.3-0.7 ≤0.045 ≤0.045 ≥235 375-500 226 227

Chitsulo chotentha chotentha

Milu yazitsulo zotentha zotentha, monga momwe dzinalo limatanthawuzira, ndi milu yazitsulo zopangidwa ndi kuwotcherera ndi kugudubuza kotentha.Chifukwa chaukadaulo wapamwamba, kuluma kwake kotsekera kumakhala ndi kukana kwamadzi kolimba.

Parameter chitsanzo

Chigawo makhalidwe otentha adagulung'undisa pepala mulu
Mtundu Kukula kwagawo Kulemera pa mulu Kulemera kwa khoma
  M'lifupi Kutalika Makulidwe Zachigawo
dera		 Kulemera kwamalingaliro Mphindi ya
Inertia		 Modulus ya
gawo		 Gawo lachigawo Zongoganizira
kulemera		 Mphindi ya
Inertia		 Modulus ya
gawo
mm mm mm cmz cm2 Kg/m Cm3/m cm7/m cm2/m Kg/m? cm4 cm3/m
SKSP- Ⅱ 400 100 10.5 61.18 48.0 1240 152 153.0 120 8740 874
SKSP-Ⅲ 400 125 13.0 76.42 60.0 2220 223 191.0 150 16800 1340
SKSP-IV 400 170 15.5 96.99 76.1 4670 362 242.5 190 38600 2270
Table ya zitsulo kalasi, mankhwala zikuchokera ndi makina katundu magawo a otentha adagulung'undisa pepala mulu
Nambala yachidule Mtundu Chemical zikuchokera Kusanthula kwamakina
    C Si Mn P S N Mphamvu zokolola N/mm Mphamvu yamphamvu N/mm Elongation
JIS A5523 SYW295 0.18 max 0.55 max 1.5 max 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.006 kukula > 295 > 490 > 17
SYW390 0.18 max 0.55 max 1.5 max 0.04 max 0.04 3x 0.006 kukula 0.44 max > 540 > 15  
JIS A5528 SY295       0.04 max 0.04 max   > 295 > 490 > 17
SY390       0.04 max 0.04 max     > 540   > 15

Gulu la Mawonekedwe

Mulu wachitsulo wooneka ngati U

Milu ya zitsulo zophatikizika

Makhalidwe

Kagwiritsidwe ntchito:
1.Gwirani ndi kuthetsa mavuto angapo pantchito yamigodi.
2.Kumanga kosavuta ndi nthawi yochepa yomanga.
3.Pa ntchito yomanga, imatha kuchepetsa zofunikira za malo.
4.Kugwiritsa ntchito milu yazitsulo zachitsulo kungapereke chitetezo chofunikira komanso kukhala ndi nthawi yolimba (yothandizira tsoka).
5.Kugwiritsa ntchito milu yazitsulo zachitsulo sikungalephereke ndi nyengo;Pogwiritsa ntchito milu yazitsulo zachitsulo, zimatha kuchepetsa njira zovuta zowunika momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito kapena machitidwe kuti zitsimikizire kusinthika kwawo, kusinthana kwabwino, komanso kugwiritsidwanso ntchito.
6.Itha kusinthidwanso ndi kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuti musunge ndalama.

Umisiri wa Hydraulic - nyumba zomwe zili m'mphepete mwa njira zoyendera madoko - misewu ndi njanji
1.Khoma la Wharf, khoma lokonza ndi khoma losungira;.
2.Kumanga madoko ndi mabwalo a zombo ndi makoma olekanitsa phokoso.
3.Mulu wachitetezo cha Pier, (wharf) bollard, maziko a mlatho.
4.Radar rangefinder, otsetsereka, otsetsereka.
5.Kusunga njanji yomira ndi madzi apansi panthaka.
6.Ngalande.

Ntchito za Civil Waterway:
1.Kukonzekera kwa madzi.
2.Kusunga khoma.
3.Gwirizanitsani magawo ang'onoang'ono.
4.Zida zopangira;Pewani kukwapula.

Kuwongolera kuipitsidwa kwa nyumba zosungira madzi - malo oipitsidwa, kudzaza mipanda:
1.Maloko a sitima zapamadzi, zotsekera madzi, ndi mipanda yomangika (ya mitsinje).
2.Weir, mpanda, kukumba kuti nthaka ilowe m'malo.
3.Bridge maziko ndi mpanda wa tanki yamadzi.
4.Culvert (msewu waukulu, njanji, etc.);, Chitetezo cha chingwe chapansi panthaka pamalo otsetsereka.
5.Khomo lachitetezo.
6.Kuchepetsa phokoso la njira yoletsa kusefukira kwa madzi.
7.Khoma la mlatho ndi khoma lodzipatula lopanda phokoso;
8.Mankhwala zikuchokera ndi mawotchi zimatha ozizira-amapanga zitsulo pepala mulu zipangizo.[1]

Ubwino:
1.Ndi mphamvu yamphamvu yobereka komanso mawonekedwe opepuka, khoma lopitilira lopangidwa ndi milu yachitsulo lili ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kusasunthika.
2.Kuthina kwamadzi ndikwabwino, ndipo loko yolumikizira mulu wazitsulo zachitsulo imaphatikizidwa mwamphamvu, zomwe zimatha kuteteza mwachilengedwe.
3.Ntchito yomangayi ndi yosavuta, imatha kutengera zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamtundu ndi nthaka yabwino, imatha kuchepetsa kukumba kwa dzenje la maziko, ndipo ntchitoyi imatenga malo ang'onoang'ono.
4.Kukhalitsa bwino.Kutengera ndi kusiyana kwa malo ogwiritsira ntchito, moyo wautumiki ukhoza kukhala zaka 50.
5.Ntchito yomangayi ndi yogwirizana ndi chilengedwe, ndipo kuchuluka kwa dothi ndi konkire zomwe zimatengedwa kumachepetsedwa kwambiri, zomwe zingathe kuteteza bwino nthaka.
6.Ntchitoyi ndiyothandiza, ndipo ndiyoyenera kwambiri kukhazikitsa mwachangu kuwongolera kusefukira kwamadzi, kugwa, mchenga, zivomezi ndi zina zothandizira pakagwa masoka ndi kupewa.
7.Zida zitha kusinthidwanso ndikugwiritsiridwanso ntchito kwa nthawi 20-30 pantchito zosakhalitsa.
8.Poyerekeza ndi zomanga zina, khomalo ndi lopepuka ndipo limakhala ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa kusinthika, komwe kuli koyenera kupewa ndi kuchiza masoka osiyanasiyana achilengedwe.

Kugwiritsa ntchito

Ntchito, maonekedwe ndi phindu lenileni ndilo miyezo yomwe anthu amagwiritsa ntchito posankha zipangizo zomangira lero.Milu yachitsulo yachitsulo ikugwirizana ndi mfundo zitatu zomwe zili pamwambazi: zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zake zimapereka dongosolo losavuta komanso lothandiza, zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zonse za chitetezo cha zomangamanga ndi chitetezo cha chilengedwe, ndipo nyumba zomwe zimatsirizidwa ndi milu yazitsulo zimakhala ndi zokopa kwambiri.

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa milu yazitsulo kumadutsa ndikufikira ku mafakitale onse omangamanga, kuchokera ku ntchito zamakono zosungirako madzi ndi zamakono zamakono, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njanji ndi tram mpaka kugwiritsa ntchito kuwononga chilengedwe.

Phindu lothandiza la milu yazitsulo zazitsulo zakhala zikuwonekera pakupanga zinthu zatsopano zambiri zatsopano, monga: nyumba zina zapadera zowotcherera;Chitsulo mbale yopangidwa ndi hydraulic vibratory mulu dalaivala;Mafuta osindikizidwa osindikizidwa ndi chithandizo cha utoto wa fakitale.Zinthu zambiri zimatsimikizira kuti milu yachitsulo yachitsulo imakhalabe imodzi mwazinthu zothandiza kwambiri zopangira chigawo, ndiko kuti, sizongowonjezera ubwino wazitsulo zachitsulo, komanso zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha msika wa mulu wazitsulo;Ndikoyenera kukhathamiritsa kapangidwe kazinthu zamalonda kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito.

Kupititsa patsogolo luso lapadera losindikiza ndi kusindikiza kwambiri ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha izi.Mwachitsanzo, dongosolo la HOESCH patent latsegula gawo latsopano lofunikira la mulu wazitsulo zachitsulo pakuwongolera kuipitsa.

Popeza mulu wazitsulo wa HOESCH unagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati khoma lotsekera lotsekedwa mu 1986 kuti liteteze malo oipitsidwa, zapezeka kuti mulu wazitsulo wazitsulo umakwaniritsa zofunikira zonse zopewera kutuluka kwa madzi ndi kuipitsa.Ubwino wa zitsulo mapepala milu monga kusunga makoma pang'onopang'ono chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera ena.

Zotsatirazi ndi zina mwaukadaulo waukadaulo wa geotechnical ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito poyika milu yazitsulo:

* Cofferdam

* Kusefukira kwa mitsinje ndikuwongolera

* Madzi mankhwala dongosolo mpanda

* Kuletsa kusefukira kwa madzi

* Mpanda

* Chida chachitetezo

* Kubwezera m'mphepete mwa nyanja

* Dulani ngalande ndi pogona

* Madzi opumira

* Pamwamba patali

* Kukonza slope

* Khoma lakuda

Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito mpanda wachitsulo chachitsulo:

* Palibe kukumba kofunikira kuti muchepetse kutaya zinyalala

* Ngati ndi kotheka, mulu wazitsulo wachitsulo ukhoza kuchotsedwa pambuyo pa ntchito

* Osakhudzidwa ndi malo okhala ndi madzi akuya pansi

* Kukumba kosakhazikika kungagwiritsidwe ntchito

* Ntchito yomanga ikhoza kuchitidwa pa sitimayo popanda kukonza malo ena

Ntchito Yomanga

Konzekerani

1.Kukonzekera komanga: musanayendetse muluwo, mphako pansonga ya muluyo iyenera kusindikizidwa kuti mupewe kufinya kwa dothi, ndipo pakamwa pa loko mudzakutidwa ndi batala kapena mafuta ena.Kwa milu yachitsulo yachitsulo yomwe yakhala yosakonzedwa kwa nthawi yayitali, yopunduka yotseka pakamwa ndi dzimbiri kwambiri, iyenera kukonzedwa ndikuwongolera.Kwa milu yopindika komanso yopunduka, imatha kuwongoleredwa ndi hydraulic jack jacking kapena kuyanika moto.

2.Gawo la magawo oyendetsa magalimoto.

3.Panthawi yoyendetsa galimoto.Kuonetsetsa verticality wa zitsulo mapepala milu.Gwiritsani ntchito ma theodolite awiri kuwongolera mbali ziwiri.

4.Malo ndi chitsogozo cha milu yachitsulo yoyamba ndi yachiwiri yomwe iyenera kuyendetsedwa iyenera kukhala yolondola, kuti ikhale ndi gawo la template yotsogolera.Choncho, muyeso udzapangidwa kamodzi pa 1m iliyonse yoyendetsa galimoto, ndipo kulimbikitsanso kapena mbale yachitsulo idzawotchedwa ndi chithandizo cha purlin kuti chikhazikike kwakanthawi mutangoyendetsa mpaka kuya kokonzedweratu.

Kupanga
1. Kusankha njira yoyendetsera galimoto
Ntchito yomanga milu yachitsulo ndi njira yoyendetsa galimoto yosiyana, yomwe imayambira pa ngodya imodzi ya khoma la pepala ndipo imayendetsedwa imodzi ndi imodzi (kapena awiri mu gulu) mpaka kumapeto kwa polojekitiyo.Ubwino wake ndi zomangamanga zosavuta komanso zofulumira ndipo sizifunikanso zothandizira zina.Kuipa kwake ndikuti ndikosavuta kupendekera mulu wa pepalalo kumbali imodzi, ndipo kumakhala kovuta kukonza pambuyo pakuwunjika kolakwika.Choncho, njira yoyendetsera galimoto yosiyana ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati zofunikira za khoma la mulu wa pepala sizikhala zapamwamba komanso kutalika kwa mulu wa pepala ndi kochepa (monga osachepera 10 m).

Kusankha njira yoyendetsera galimoto

2.Njira yoyendetsera pazenera ndikuyika milu yazitsulo za 10-20 mumizere yowongolera, kenako ndikuyiyendetsa m'magulu.Pakuyendetsa, milu yachitsulo yomwe ili kumapeto onse a chinsaluyo imayendetsedwa kumalo okwera kapena kuya kwina kuti ikhale milu ya mapepala, kenako imayendetsedwa pakati pamasitepe a 1/3 ndi 1/2 mulu wa pepala. .Ubwino wa njira yoyendetsera chinsalu ndi: imatha kuchepetsa kudzikundikira kwa zolakwika zotengera, kupewa kupendekera kopitilira muyeso, ndipo ndikosavuta kukwaniritsa kutseka ndikuwonetsetsa kuti khoma la mulu wa pepala limakhazikika.Choyipa ndichakuti kutalika kodziyimira pawokha kwa mulu wolowetsedwa ndi wokwera kwambiri, ndipo chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa ku kukhazikika ndi chitetezo cha zomangamanga cha mulu woyikidwa.

3.Kuyendetsa milu yazitsulo zachitsulo.
Panthawi yoyendetsa mulu, malo oyendetsa galimoto ndi njira ya milu yachitsulo yoyamba ndi yachiwiri yomwe iyenera kuyendetsedwa iyenera kuwonetsetsa kulondola.Ikhoza kugwira ntchito yotsogolera ma template.Nthawi zambiri, iyenera kuyezedwa kamodzi pa 1m iliyonse pagalimoto.Kumanga ngodya ndi kutsekedwa kotsekedwa kwa mulu wazitsulo zachitsulo kungathe kutengera mulu wa pepala lopangidwa ndi mawonekedwe apadera, njira yolumikizira, njira yowonongeka ndi njira yosinthira axis.Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti kumanga kotetezeka, m'pofunika kuyang'anitsitsa ndi kuteteza mapaipi ofunikira ndi zingwe zothamanga kwambiri mkati mwa ntchito.

4.Kuchotsa milu yazitsulo zachitsulo.
Mukadzaza dzenje la maziko, mulu wazitsulo wachitsulo umatulutsidwa kuti ugwiritsidwenso ntchito mukamaliza.Pamaso m'zigawo, ndi m'zigawo zinayendera, nthawi m'zigawo ndi mulu dzenje mankhwala njira milu zitsulo pepala adzakhala kuphunzira.Pofuna kuthana ndi kukana kwa milu ya mapepala, malinga ndi makina okoka milu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, njira zokokera miluyi zimaphatikizapo kukoka milu yokhazikika, kukoka mulu wonjenjemera ndi kukoka milu.Pa ntchito yochotsa, tcherani khutu kuyang'ana ndi kuteteza mapaipi ofunikira ndi zingwe zothamanga kwambiri mkati mwa ntchitoyo.[1]

Zida
1.Makina ochulukirachulukira: nyundo yaulere, nyundo ya nthunzi, nyundo ya mpweya, nyundo ya hydraulic, nyundo ya dizilo, ndi zina.

2.Makina oyendetsa milu yogwedezeka: Makina amtunduwu amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa komanso kukoka milu, ndipo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mulu wogwedezeka woyendetsa ndi kukoka nyundo.

3.Kugwedera ndi makina oyendetsa mulu wokhudzidwa: makina amtunduwu amakhala ndi njira yolumikizirana pakati pa thupi la woyendetsa mulu wogwedezeka ndi chomangira.Pamene kugwedezeka kwa vibration kumapanga kugwedezeka mmwamba ndi pansi, kumatulutsa mphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yomanga ikhale yabwino kwambiri.

4.Makina oyendetsa milu osasunthika: kanikizani mulu wa pepala munthaka ndi mphamvu yosasunthika.

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